A peer-reviewed open-access journal Zookeys 856: 27-50 (2019) aes ea! #ZooKeys http:/ /Z00 keys -pen soft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research To be or not to be a synonym - revision of the Donacia clavareaui-fukiensis complex (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Donaciinae)* Elisabeth Geiser! I St.-Julien-Strasse 2/314, 5020 Salzburg, Austria Corresponding author: Elisabeth Geiser (elisabeth.geiser@gmx.at) Academic editor: M. Schmitt | Received 13 December 2018 | Accepted 12 February 2019 | Published 17 June 2019 Attp.//zoobank.org/779E348 1-B7AD-40C8-A5F4-AAD52DAD60ED Citation: Geiser E (2019) To be or not to be a synonym — revision of the Donacia clavareaui-fukiensis complex (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Donaciinae). In: Schmitt M, Chaboo CS, Biondi M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 8. ZooKeys 856: 27-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.856.32388 Abstract The East Palaearctic species Donacia clavareaui Jacobson, 1906 and Donacia fukiensis Goecke, 1944 have been confused for decades. Finally, D. fukiensis was synonymized with D. clavareaui by Askevold (1990) but he could not examine the type series of D. fukiensis because it was stored in an inaccessible collec- tion. Cong and Yu (1997) re-established D. fukiensis as a distinct species, also without direct access to the type series. The synonymization by Askevold (1990) was applied in the identification key of Palaearctic Chrysomelidae (Warchalowski 2010) and the Catalogue of Palaearctic Chrysomelidae (Silfverberg 2010). Because the type series of D. fukiensis is now accessible, it has been possible to proof that D. fukiensis is a distinct species, and a lectotype has been established from the series of seven syntypes. Donacia kweilina Chen, 1966 and D. mediohirsuta Chen, 1966, which were split from the mixture of D. clavareaui and D. Jukiensis, are now also synonymized with D. clavareaui, because their characters are the same or within the variation range of the characters of D. clavareaui. Furthermore, a distribution map is provided with the reliable records known to date. Keywords China, Fujian, East Palaearctic, Donacia clavareaui, Donacia fukiensis, Donacia kweilina, Donacia medio- hirsuta, identification key, lectotype, Museum Frey, reed beetles, synonym, taxonomy extended versions of a talk presented to the 3" European Symposium on the Chrysomelidae, Naples, Italy, 5 July, 2018. Copyright Elisabeth Geiser. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 28 Elisabeth Geiser / ZooKeys 856: 27-50 (2019) Introduction The East Palaearctic species of Donacia clavareaui Jacobson, 1906, D. fukiensis Goecke, 1944, D. kweilina Chen, 1966, and D. mediohirsuta Chen, 1966 all have in common that their pronotum is pubescent while their elytra are glabrous. All other East Palaearctic Donacia species have either hairs on both pronotum and elytra or no hairs. Although the first descriptions of D. clavareaui and of D. fukiensis are very detailed (see Appendix 1, 2) it is not possible to distinguish these two species with the described characters alone. Worse, each description leads to D. clavareaui and to D. fukiensis without any contradiction. Therefore many misidentifications occurred, especially in specimens from China. Subsequently in the identifica- tion key of Gressitt and Kimoto (1961) only D. fukiensis was considered to occur in China, which resulted in further identification errors. Chen (1966) split D. kweilina and D. mediohirsuta from this mixture. Askevold (1990) synonymized D. fukiensis with D. clavareaui. Cong and Yu (1997) re-established D. fukiensis as a distinct species, but in the main comprehensive books on Palaearctic Chrysomeli- dae (Warchalowski 2010, Silfverberg 2010) D. fukiensis is still considered to be synonymous with D. clavareaui. These problems arose because the syntype series was neither accessible to Askevold nor to Cong and Yu. Today, the type series of D. fukiensis is stored at the Natural History Museum in Basel and it has been possible at last to examine it. Materials and methods Abbreviations of collections ASIZ Academia Sinica, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, China CASC — California Academy of Science, San Francisco CMIC Natural History Museum and Institute Chiba, Japan GBIF Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://www.gbif.org/ IBNM _ Ibaraki Nature Museum, Japan ISAC coll. IS Askevold, Florida NHMB Natural History Museum Basel, Switzerland NHMW Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria NSMK_ National Science Museum of Korea, Daejeon, South Korea MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris SDEI —Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Miincheberg, Germany USNM — United States National Museum, Washington D.C., US ZSMC Zoological State Collection, Munich, Germany To be or not to be a synonym — revision of the Donacia clavareaui-fukiensis complex... 29 Type specimens Donacia clavareaui Jacobson, 1906 Type locality. Russia: Buryatia, Kjachta, 50°21'N, 106°27'E Holotype. MNHN EC2130: 3 “Kjachta Siberie par Gétzelmann [Clavareau’s handwriting]/Donacia clavareaui TYPE Jacob. [Clavareau’s handwriting]/TYPE [red, added by N Berti]/Museum Paris coll. H. Clavareau 1932/ Donacia clavareaui Jac. ¢ typ. G. Jacobson det.” Photograph of type specimen examined. https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/ mnohn/collection/ec/item/ec2130?listIndex=1 &listCount=6 [26.11.2018] Donacia fukiensis Goecke, 1944 Type locality. China: Fukien [Fujian], Kuatun [ ~10 km NNE of Shaowu], 27°24'N, 117°24'E, 2300 m a.s.l. Lectotype (here designated to fix the identity of the species). NMB-FREY0000001: 3 “Kuatun (2300m) 27,40 n. Br. 117,40 6. L.; J. Klapperich [leg.] 7.5.1938 (Fuk- ien)”. NHMB in coll. Frey (Figs 1, 2) Paralectotypes. 3 5, 22 7.5.1938, 3 3d, 2 27.04.1938 (other data same as lectotype) (Fig. 3: 9 from 7.5.1938 of this series) Goecke did not designate a single type specimen; his description derives from seven syntypes, which are the specimens mentioned above. All of them are stored in the NHMB in coll. Frey. Donacia kweilina Chen, 1966 Type locality. China: Guangxi, Kweilin, 25°16'55"N, 110°17'11"E. Holotype. 6, allotype: 9, paratypes: 47 Od, 92 “Kwangsi: Kweilin (April-May, 1952) ” The type specimens are kept in ASIZ except for two paratypes in ISAC. Donacia mediohirsuta Chen, 1966 Type locality. China: Yunnan, Shishong-Baana (Xishuangbanna), 22°1'N, 100°48’E, 1200 mas.l. Holotype. 2 “Yunnan: Shishong-Baana, 15.5.1958” The type specimen is retained in ASIZ. 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Scale bar 2 mm. To be or not to be a synonym — revision of the Donacia clavareaui-fukiensis complex... 33 The characters of the type specimens of D. kweilina and D. mediohirsuta are ana- lysed by the detailed first description of Chen (1966) and by further character descrip- tions mentioned in Cong and Yu (1997), who had examined these type specimens. Species record list In Table 1 all records of these four Donacia species known to date are listed. The speci- mens indicated with “det. E. Geiser” or “vid. E. Geiser” were examined. Results Taxonomic history Jacobson (1906) described the species D. clavareaui from Kjachta (Russia) in south- east Siberia. It could be easily distinguished from all other Donacia species known by its pubescent pronotum combined with glabrous elytra. In the subsequent decades several Donacia specimens from East Asia where identified as Donacia clavareaui. In the 1940s Goecke, a world-renowned Donaciinae specialist, examined speci- mens of D. clavareaui in the collection of the Museum Alexander Koenig in Bonn (Germany). He recognized that the specimens from Fujian (south-east China) were different in some characters which are typical for species limitation in Donacia. In 1944 Goecke published the description of the new species D. fukiensis which he split from D. clavareaui. The description of Jacobson (1906) as well as the description of Goecke (1944) are both very detailed. However, Goecke did not describe which were the critical different characters for the distinction of D. fukiensis from D. clavareaui. He also published no identification key. Both descriptions match with both species (see Appendix 1, 2). This resulted in many misidentifications of East Asian specimens. In 1961 Gressitt and Kimoto published their comprehensive volume “The Chrysomelidae of China and Korea”. Because there were so many Chinese specimens misidentified as D. fukiensis they assumed that D. clavareaui was restricted to Sibe- ria. Therefore their identification key contains only D. fukiensis. The characters they mention in their key are applicable to both species. Their key became famous and widespread. Subsequently almost all specimens of D. clavareaui outside Siberia were identified as D. fukiensis from then on. Chen (1966) recognized that within D. fukiensis, some specimens have different characters. He split two new species, D. kweilina and D. mediohirsuta, off from what was actually still a mixture of the two species D. clavareaui and D. fukiensis. In the 1980s Askevold worked on his comprehensive revision of the genus Dona- cia. He investigated the type specimen of D. clavareaui which has been stored in the collection of the MNHN Paris. He also intended to investigate the type specimen of D. fukiensis stored in the collection Goecke which was then part of the private 34 Elisabeth Geiser / ZooKeys 856: 27—50 (2019) Coleopterea Museum Frey in Tutzing, Bavaria. Due to the special situation of the Museum Frey (see next chapter) no research on type or other specimens was possible at that time. Therefore Askevold studied series of D. fukiensis from Japan and China, which in fact were D. clavareaui. He concluded that there are no differences to the type specimen of D. clavareaui (he was right!) and therefore erroneously synonymized D. Jukiensis with D. clavareaui. In 1990 Askevold published his comprehensive revision of the genus Donacia which has been widely used as a reference since. In the 1990s Cong and Yu worked on a list of the Donaciinae of China. They recognized some differences in the specimens labelled D. clavareaui from Fujian as compared with specimens from other parts of China (as Goecke did more than 50 years before). Therefore they intended to study the type specimens of D. fukiensis from Goecke in Museum Frey. At that time, once again no loan of specimens was possible, but for a short period during the quarrels about the Frey collection it was stored at the ZSMC (see next chapter). Martin Baehr, the curator of Coleoptera section in Munich was in charge; Cong and Yu wrote to Baehr and asked him to check some critical char- acters at the syntype specimens of D. fukiensis, and Baehr confirmed these characters. Cong and Yu (1997) therefore removed D. fukiensis from synonymy and published the first identification key to distinguish D. clavareaui and D. fukiensis; they also included D. kweilina Chen, 1966 and D. mediohirsuta Chen, 1966. They also published accu- rate distribution data of these four species as far as they were substantiated. The third volume of Water Beetles of China was published by Jach and Ji in 2003 with Konstantinov as the author of the chapter about aquatic Chrysomelidae (Kon- stantinov 2003). He refers to all four species mentioned above, but he compiled their distribution data from sources where D. clavareaui and D. fukiensis were confused, and so they are not reliable. In 2010 two very important comprehensive studies on Chrysomelidae were pub- lished: the Identification Key of Palaearctic Chrysomelidae (Warchalowski 2010) and the sixth volume of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera which contained the Chrysomelidae in which Silfverberg was the author of the chapter on the Donaciinae (Silfverberg 2010). Both books are very useful and are the results of enormous work- loads of the authors. Warchalowski is a specialist for Alticini (Galerucinae, Chrysomel- idae) and Silfverberg is a specialist for Criocerinae und Galerucinae. Both wrote the Donaciinae chapter as no Donaciinae specialist was available and they both referred to the last comprehensive work on Donaciinae (Askevold 1990); therefore D. fukiensis is treated as a synonym to D. clavareaui in both volumes. In 2015 a global checklist on Donaciinae was published (Geiser 2015), based on Silfverberg (2010) for the Palaearctic species and D. fukiensis is treated as a synonym to D. clavareaui there, also. In 2017 I visited the collection of the SDEI in Miincheberg, Germany, which contains specimens of D. clavareaui and D. fukiensis, both identified by Goecke in 1952. I saw immediately what Goecke and Cong and Yu had seen before: that these two specimens differ in characters which are typical for separate species of Donaciinae. Fortunately the type specimens are accessible now in the NHMB and it was possible to check the characters of the seven syntypes and to finally designate a lectotype. To be or not to be a synonym — revision of the Donacia clavareaui-fukiensis complex... 35 The Museum Georg Frey and its unusual situation from 1976 to 1997 Georg Frey (1902-1976) was the owner of a clothes-producing company (“Loden- frey’). He had an ardent interest in beetles, and attended and paid for field trips worldwide to collect beetles; he also bought collections from specialists. Near his house in Tutzing (south of Munich, Bavaria, Germany) he established a private mu- seum and employed up to five scientists and assistants. When the Donaciinae special- ist Hans Goecke died in 1963 Georg Frey bought his famous collection containing many type specimens (Anonymous 1963, Evers 1963). In the decades after the WWII scientific institutions like natural history museums had insufficient and often only provisional storage facilities. At the Museum Frey the Goecke collection was well maintained as Frey employed the then-Chrysomelidae spe- cialists, Jan Bechyne and Gerhard Scherer. When Georg Frey died in 1976, a quarrel began in the Frey family. The sons of Georg Frey intended to donate the whole collection to the ZSMC, because that had been the will of their father they argued; but the widow of Georg Frey began negotiations and finally sold the whole collection to the Natural His- tory Museum of Basel, Switzerland. This started a conflict which involved the Frey family, the Munich State collection, several Switzerland institutions, and German Government institutions. The latter declared this beetle collection a national treasure which must not be transferred outside the borders of Germany. In 1992 the widow died and the collection was clandestinely transferred to the ZSMC before the Basel Museum received informa- tion on her death. The legal dispute continued and from 1995 onwards the collection was stored in boxes in Weil am Rhein, Germany, a city near Basel at the Swiss border (Furth 1996). In 1997 it was confirmed that the Museum Basel was the legitimate owner of this beetle collection and it was then transferred there (see further details from the Basel perspective in “Kafer ftir Basel” [https://kaeferfuerbasel.ch/die-sammlung-georg-frey/]). These incidents were the reason that between 1976 and 1998 it was impossible for long periods to borrow specimens and even to visit the collection to examine it in situ. Character analysis of Donacia clavareaui and Donacia fukiensis Jacobson (1906) described D. clavareaui in Latin and Goecke (1944) described D. Jukiensis in German, both languages being widely used in science at the time. For traceability the original descriptions and their translations are shown in Appendix 1, 2. The head, antennae, legs, and pronota are very similar, but their elytra are strik- ingly different. The main character differences are — Shape of the contour of the elytra — Punctures of the elytra — Elytral epipleura — Elytral apex — Female: last sternite — Male: aedeagus 36 Elisabeth Geiser / ZooKeys 856: 27-50 (2019) Table 2. Common and different characters of Donacia clavareaui and Donacia fukiensis. Each character was based on specimens indicated in Table 1. D. clavareaui D. fukiensis General Medium sized, pitchy brown, dark bronze, shiny, antennae and legs partially reddish, hind femora dont reach the apex of the elytra, hind femora claviform with acute tooth, pronotal disc with very fine hairs, elytra glabrous Body Shape Habitus like typical Donacia (Fig. 4) Habitus resembles Plateumaris (Fig. 1) Sex difference Colour Colour of antennae Males in general more slender and shorter than the females Dark metallic-bronze, greenish-bronze, Shiny bronze metallic-cupreous Antennae and legs partially yellow, reddish or brown, the extent of the colour is very variable within and legs specimens Ventral Ventral hairs as usual on Donacia, density variable, the colour of the hairs depends on the lighting Size 3 6.5- 8.0 mm (avg: 7.5), 2 8.0-9.0 mm (avg: 8.5) Head Antennae lenght Antennomeres Filiform, slender, almost half as long as the length of the body, in some male specimens reaching farther than the middle of the elytra A2+A3 = Al = A4 = A5; A2 < A3 The length relations of the single segments to each other are quite variable. The basal parts of the antennomeres are rufous or yellow, the apical parts are dark and sometimes metallic, the ratio between the two colour parts shows a great variation among the specimens Antennal tubercles Head disc The antennal tubercles are flattened, with a narrow groove between them Head disc straight at front with a deep middle groove Calli Calli indistinct, some specimens without calli Frons and eyes Eyes wide apart, the frons width is four times the measured value of the eye width, with no difference between male and female specimens Pronotum Surface Pronotum pubescent, with very fine hairs, on some specimens very difficult to be seen Surface Pronotum finely and densely punctured Irregularly punctured, in between the punctures shiny. (Fig. 5) Often the punctures are more dense in the anterior and posterior part than in the middle part. Density of the punctures shows a great variation between individual specimens (Fig. 6, 7) Shape Almost quadratic, in some male specimens slightly longer than wide, in some female specimens wider than long. Anterior margin slightly convex, anterior angles well developed, anterior tubercles rather flat, only slightly protruding Scutellum Scutellum with thin and short hairs Elytra Shape Typically Donacia-shaped Rather Plateumaris-shaped General features Approx. twice as long as wide, in most male specimens slightly longer than double width (ratio 2.1), in most female specimens slightly shorter (ratio 1.9) glabrous and shiny Impressions Punctures and Slightly visible only on some specimens Punctures strong and deep, intervals distincly | Punctures very delicate, not deep, intervals only intervals wrinkled (Fig. 8) interval = 1x—3x puncture —_|slightly wrinkled, very smooth (Fig. 9) interval ~ 4x — diameter 7x puncture diameter Epipleura Elytral epipleura approx. as wide or wider than |Elytral epipleura narrower than 10" interval (Fig. 11) 10* interval (Fig. 10) Epipleuron : Interval = |Epipleuron : Interval = 1 : (1.5 — 2) 1:(>)1 Apex Elytral apex truncated, the external angle Elytral apex indistinctly truncated, evenly and widely slightly rounded (Fig. 12) rounded with very smooth outer and inner angles (Fig. 13) Abdomen Pygidium Distinctly arcuately emarginate Truncated and slightly recessed in the middle Male last sternite Female last sternite Apex rectangularly truncated and triangularly impressed Slightly impressed at the apical ridge Basic contour distinctive triangular (Fig. 14) Basic contour convex without a distinctive peak and broadly rounded (Fig. 15) To be or not to be a synonym — revision of the Donacia clavareaui-fukiensis complex... oF D. clavareaui D. fukiensis Legs General Strong legs, all femora clavate, especially at the 3, at the 2 mostly more slender, hind femora short, even at the 3 they don’t reach the apex of the elytra by far. Posterior femora with a prominent tooth, which is often broader at the @, at the 9 more slender and more acute. Legs partly reddish, some specimens with completely red anterior tibia, some specimens with rather dark legs Anterior Tibia Anterior tibia shows a protruding tooth towards outward at the insertion of the tarsomere. D. fukiensis: Fig. 18 D. clavareaui: Fig. 4 and https://science.mnhn.ft/institution/mnhn/collection/ec/item/ ec2130?listIndex=1 &listCount=6 [26.11.2018] It is clearly visible on most specimens, but on some indistinctly Tarsomeres The 1 and 3" tarsomere have approx. the same length, the 2"¢ one is by a third shorter Aedeagus Shape Aedeagus very straight, outer contours in Aedeagus more curved, thickened, narrowed towards frontal view rather parallel. Median lobe the apex. Median lobe slightly protruding: Fig. 22, distinctly protruding: Fig. 19, 20, 21 23, 24 Figures 5-7. 5 Donacia clavareaui, Pronotum 6 D. fukiensis, Pronotum densely punctured 7 D. fukien- sis, Pronotum irregularly punctured. All these character differences are typical for species in the genus Donacia. There are some well-established species in Donacia which differ in much more subtle char- acters. Therefore it was correct that Cong and Yu (1997) re-established D. fukiensis as a valid species. Now that the type series of Goecke is available to scientists, I was able to designate a lectotype from the seven syntypes on which the description of Goecke had been based (Fig. 1). Character analysis of Donacia kweilina Chen (1966) described D. kweilina and D. mediohirsuta which he separated from the mixture of D. fukiensis and D. clavareaui. The common character of these four taxa is the pubescent pronotum combined with glabrous elytra. The first description is published 38 Elisabeth Geiser / ZooKeys 856: 27-50 (2019) = = a . : ryyyiy ‘ - hel i hl = eee tyPls os” 1 are “ a, Ay ( 1 heed pe » Figures 8, 9. Elytral punctures. 8 Donacia clavareaui 9 D. fukiensis. in Chinese and in English. For practical considerations only the English text is shown in Appendix 3 (for D. kweilina) and Appendix 4 (for D. mediohirsuta). Donacia kweilina is known only from the type series (Cong and Yu 1997). No further records are known. In Table 3 the characters of D. kweilina are listed according to the original descrip- tion by Chen (1966) and provided by Cong and Yu (1997), who examined the type specimens. My comments result from the examination of specimens of D. clavareaui. The characters which should distinguish D. kweilina from D. clavareaui are either the same or within the variations range of D. clavareaui. Therefore D. kweilina is a synonym of D. clavareaui. Character analysis of Donacia mediohirsuta Donacia mediohirsuta is known only by the type specimen, a single female specimen from Yunnan, Shishong-Baana (Cong and Yu 1997). No further records are known. In Table 4 the characters of D. mediohirsuta are listed according to the original description by Chen (1966) and supplemented by Cong and Yu (1997), who have examined the type specimen. According to Cong and Yu (1997) this specimen resembles D. kweilina with only mi- nor morphological differences. As shown in Table 4 the characters are identical or within the range of D. clavareaui. Therefore D. mediohirsuta is also a synonym of D. clavareaui. To be or not to be a synonym — revision of the Donacia clavareaui-fukiensis complex... 39 Table 3. Characters of Donacia kweilina. Characters of D. kweilina Colour aeneo-cupreous (3, 2) sometimes sky-blue (¢) Comments D. clavareaui is also aeneo-cupreous, sometimes blue males occur in Donaciinae species Antennae and legs entirely deep coloured, not partly rufous This occurs also in other Donacia species where most of the specimens have partially rufous antennae and legs; colour also very variable in D. clavareaui Antennae: third segment slightly longer than second and distinctly shorter | same proportions of antennomeres in than fourth D. clavareaui Head with four weak tubercles, the median longitudinal furrow deep and All these characters can be clearly complete. Pronotum more thickly pubescent, very closely punctured, and seen at the holotype specimen of covered with silvery hairs, the antero-lateral tubercles distinct, the angles fairly | D. clavareaui strongly produced. Elytra rather smooth on inner disc, the punctures oblong, the interstices broad, approx. 2—3 times as broad as the cross diameter of the punctures. Apex truncate with the outer angles broadly rounded. Elytral epipleuron narrow and divided from outermost interval by sharp _ | This character is also clearly shown at ridge throughout the entire length of elytra D. clavareaui (Fig. 10) Last abdominal segment of 9 much longer and somewhat triangular in Same typical shape as D. clavareaui shape (Fig. 16) Hind femora (3, 9) broadly toothed beneath, the femora of 4 not distinctly thicker than those of 2 (Fig. 14) Same as D. clavareaui, thickness of hind femora variable Aedeagus: Apex of median lobe cordiform (Cong and Yu 1997) Length: 8 mm Cong and Yu (1997) refer to the same figure which shows the aedeagus of D. clavareaui (Fig. 19) Length of D. clavareaui: 6.5—9.0 mm Table 4. Characters of Donacia mediohirsuta. Characters of D. mediohirsuta General colour cupreous Comments Same colour as D. clavareaui Antennae with the terminal segments rufo-piceous, 3-5 |Same as D. clavareaui segments partly rufous and partly piceous Third antennae segment distinctly longer than the Same as D. clavareaui second one, but slightly shorter than the fourth one Pronotum more transversal In D. clavareaui the pronotum is as long as wide or slightly longer than wide; female specimens of Donacia sp. sometimes have a slightly broader pronotum Pronotum finely pubescent only on the median groove |Pronotum pubescence varies in D. clavareaui The longitudinal furrow of interocular area much ‘These characters are distinctly visible at the holotype deeper, extending uninterrupted to between the supra-_ |specimen of D. clavareaui antennal tubercles Anterior tibiae scarcely produced at apex Hind femora (2) very weekly toothed beneath Variable; the protruded angle of the anterior tibia is mostly distinct, but in some specimens difficult to recognize Variable in Donacia sp., especially female specimens have weak teeth in comparison with male specimens Last abdominal sternite (9) more strongly angulate at |Same typical shape as D. clavareaui apex (Fig. 17) (Fig. 14) Length 9: 8 mm Length of D. clavareaui 2: 8.0-9.0 mm 40 Elisabeth Geiser / ZooKeys 856: 27-50 (2019) Identification key 1 Pronotum with fine hairs on the disc (sometimes difficult to be seen, often more than 10 times magnification is necessary and lighting from different GITECHONS) xe ly thal OADEOUS ari Gi teck aiden pGeantn ea ganeatnnuesiess adeenetan eso tah ont Gace S dil 2 - Either pronotum and elytra are glabrous or both are pubescent ............. eee Fp eG IB EN Aen EE i he, Sune tera San Meee ee Oe sae he ale other Donacia spp. 2, Specimen from Nearctic region... ee eeeeeeeeeeees D. hirticollis Kirby, 1837 Spectinen froma Pal acar cries G Oth aces cet cerctat ces on vould Heveyes snsnaeteasutor tqenaev Pusat? 3 3 Pronotum shape trapezoid, conical, anterior margin shorter than the poste- rior one, in male pronotum glabrous, here female only... eee eeeeeeeeees Aicctasdhbsret ctieatNare adie Wradimatauleensintisepcedtun.tdexadadencendiendtl D. kraatzi Weise, 1881 = Pronotum shape rectangular, anterior margin wider than or as wide as the POSLERION OTe ee Aa pene Mates Mean nh man eal Me ease sch Shes 8 A 4 Pronotum as well as basal portion of elytra thickly covered with curved yel- lowish silver hairs, distal end of anterior tibia not produced laterally............. eats Besse MeN eto Mase nd aR cae Ce tesnnate D. hirtihumeralis Komiya & Kubota, 1987 = Pronotum covered with fine hairs, on elytra there are few hairs on the vertical surface anterior to humeral callus, distal end of anterior tibia pro- lites a WE Tie eal hate Wire chap eee eas Sane chee ties t+ Se renee tet Mr ake 5 5 Punctures on elytra rather strong, intervals one to two (sometimes three) times as wide as the diameter of the punctures, elytral epipleuron approx. as wide or wider than 10" interval, elytral apex truncate (Fig. 12), the an- gles slightly rounded, female last sternite broadly triangular with posterior margin projected (Fig. 14), aedeagus rather straight and the median lobe cordiform with apex abruptly pointed (Figs 19, 20, 21) veces eeeeeees FE Ree Eh ee Et, Secale MAY See ne D. clavareaui Jacobson, 1906 = Punctures on elytra rather fine, intervals three to seven times as wide as the diameter of the punctures, elytral epipleuron less wide (ca. % or 34 of width) than 10" interval, elytral apex rounded (Fig. 13), female last sternite broadly rounded (Fig. 15), aedeagus curved and the median lobe with slightly pro- truding:apexi(Figs*22°- 23,24). 2 iweacachevcuncse D. fukiensis Goecke, 1944 Distribution Due to the taxonomic problems there are only few reliable records, listed in Table 1. The known distribution of D. clavareaui is shown in Figure 25. Some dots repre- sent more than one record and several nearby locations. The former D. kweilina and D. mediohirsuta, now synonymized with D. clavareaui, are shown by different coloured dots. The red dot represents the locations of D. fukiensis. No record of this species out- side of Fujian is known. According to Fig. 25 D. clavareaui occurs south of 50° latitude To be or not to be a synonym — revision of the Donacia clavareaui-fukiensis complex... 4] Figures 10, I 1. Elytral epipleuron. 10 Donacia clavareaui, 10" interval narrower than epipleuron I D. fukiensis, 10" interval broader than epipleuron. Figures 12, 13. Elytral Apex. 12 Donacia clavareaui \3 D. fukiensis. Scale bar: 1 mm. and east of 100° longitude. It is obvious that D. clavareaui must occur in many more locations than those shown in Fig. 25. Donacia specimens are difficult to collect. The adults can be caught only during a period of a few weeks in late spring and early summer. This period shifts every year due to local weather conditions. Most rare species are found within groups of many speci- mens of other similar looking, more common Donacia species, and they are therefore often overlooked. 42 Elisabeth Geiser / ZooKeys 856: 27-50 (2019) 14 15 16 7 ; 17 = ; Figures 14-17. Female last sternite. 14 Donacia clavareaui \5 D. fukiensis \6 Donacia kweilina \7 D. medio- hirsuta (Figs 14, 15 original drawings from Cong and Yu 1997, Figs 16, 17 original drawings from Chen 1966). Figures 18. Anterior tibia: the protruding tooth towards outward at the insertion of the tarsomere is a common character of Donacia clavareaui and D. fukiensis (original drawing from Goecke 1944). Figures 19-21. 19 Donacia clavareaui and D. kweilina, aedeagus (Original drawings from Cong and Yu 1997) 20 D. clavareaui, aedeagus, lateral 21 D. clavareaui, aedeagus, frontal. Scale bar: 0.5 mm. > Figures 22-24. 22 Donacia fukiensis, aedeagus (Original drawings from Cong and Yu 1997) 23 D. Jukiensis, aedeagus, lateral 24 D. fukiensis, Aedeagus, frontal. Scale bar: 0.5 mm. To be or not to be a synonym — revision of the Donacia clavareaui-fukiensis complex... 43 6 D. clavareaui @ D. clavareaui (syn: D. kweilina) @ D. clavareaui (syn: D. mediohirsuta) @ OD. fukiensis Figure 25. Distribution of records of the East Palaearctic species Donacia clavareaui and D. fukiensis. Ecology All Donaciinae species develop and feed on plants associated with water. As far as the food plants are known, Donacia species are monophagous or oligophagous. Some adults feed on pollen, mostly on Cyperaceae (Kleinschmidt and Kolsch 2011). The larvae live at- tached to the roots in the sediment. They breathe by piercing the aerenchyme of their food plant with two hollow abdominal stilettos, which are connected to their tracheal system. The larva of D. clavareaui has been described by Narita (1991, 2003). The speci- mens were collected from roots of the Cyperaceae species Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) in Ibariki-ken in Honshu, Japan. According to Bienkowski (2014) D. clavareaui also feeds on Isolepis fluitans (L.) R.Br. (syn. Scirpus fluitans). An (2018) collected D. clavar- eaui in Korea on Scirpus maritimus L. The food plants of D. fukiensis, D. Rweilina, and D. mediohirsuta are unknown. 44 Elisabeth Geiser / ZooKeys 856: 27—50 (2019) Discussion If specimens of D. clavareaui and D. fukiensis are compared directly, the differences are striking, especially of the elytra. Although the first descriptions of these species are comprehensive and detailed, they both described both species. Furthermore, it was not possible to create a reliable identification key without correctly identified specimens to hand. This created a vicious circle and caused decades of misidentifications, as well as the splitting of new species from a conglomerate of what was in fact two species. The situation was worsened by the inaccessibility of the type series of D. fukiensis in the Frey collection for a long period. If specimens are identified incorrectly, all further studies on ecology and distribution are useless. In Figure 25 only reliable data of correctly identified specimens are used. In fact, it shows more the serendipity of the collectors than the reality of the distribution, but this is always the case within rare species. There are certainly more specimens stored in collections throughout the world, but they need to be examined and re-identified in light of the current classification as they may have been mistaken for other Donacia spe- cies. Donacia fukiensis may be also hidden within specimens of Plateumaris. It is also very difficult to infer the distribution of D. clavareaui from its food plant. According to GBIF [https://www.gbif.org/species/27 18286; 24.10.2018] Scirpus flu- viatilis occurs outside of North America only in Japan and Korea and some spots on the east coast of Australia. The data provided by KewScience [https://wcesp.science.kew. org/namedetail.do?name_id=221898; 24.10.2018] indicate further records from New Zealand, but no records in Asia; GBIF shows only one record of Lsolepis fluitans from Ceylon. Scirpus maritimus is widespread, but there is only one record from China and none from Russia. It is very likely that D. clavareaui feeds on Scirpus sp. sensu lato. Although both species are rare, I hope this paper will trigger some interest to ex- amine the fauna more carefully during field trips in this area. If recent sample sites are known, it would be possible to find the food plant and larvae of D. fukiensis and to analyse the DNA of both species, to include them in the phylogenetic tree published by Kolsch and Pedersen (2008). Because the development of a pubescent upper side occurred several times in the evolution of the genus Donacia it is likely that they are not closely related. Acknowledgements As this work shows the importance of accessible and well-maintained museum col- lections, I am happy to thank these colleagues for their support during my research in their collections: Matthias Borer, Eva Sprecher, Christoph Germann, and Isabelle Ziircher (NHMB), Thomas Schmitt and Konstantin Nadein (SDEI), Manfred Jach, Helena Shaverdo, and Wolfgang Schénleithner (NHMW), Michael und Ditta Balke (ZSMC). Wolfgang Brunnbauer (NHMW) and Jan Bezdek (Mendel University Brno, Czech Republik) supported me during my literature research, and the latter provided To be or not to be a synonym — revision of the Donacia clavareaui-fukiensis complex... 45 some good advice as a reviewer. Martin Baehr (ZSMC) and Michael Theo Schmitt (Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Germany) provided useful information about the G Frey and J Klapperich collections. Furthermore, I would like to thank Michaela Brojer, Harald Bruckner (both NHMW), and Remigius Geiser jun. (Vienna, Austria) for their support with the photographs and image processing. Remigius Geiser sen. (Salzburg, Austria) translated the Latin text of Jacobson (1906) into German and helped to identify locations in China. I would like to thank him also for correcting the manuscript and helpful discussions. I also benefitted from the helpful advice of the reviewer Horst Kippenberg (Herzogenaurach, Germany). References An SL (2018) Two new records of the subfamily Donaciinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2018.11.005 [21.01.2019] Anonymous (1963) Hans Goecke f. Entomologische Arbeiten Museum G. Frey 14: 695. Askevold IS (1990) Reconstructed phylogeny and reclassification of the genera of Donaciinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae 26(4): 600-664. Bienkowski AO (2014) Reed-Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Donaciinae) [Russian]. Livny: Publishing Company Mukhametov GV, 380 pp. Borowiec L (1984) Zoogeographical study on Donaciinae of the world (Coleoptera, Chrysomel- idae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 53: 433-518. Chen SH (1966) Notes on Chinese Donaciinae. Acta Entomologica Sinica 15: 137-147. Cong S, Yu P (1997) The identity and distribution of Donacia fukiensis Goecke with notes on three related species from China (Coleopterea: Chrysomelidae: Donaciinae). The Coleop- terologist’s Bulletin 51(3): 203-207. Evers A (1963) Hans Goecke 1892 — 1963. Entomologische Blatter 59: 65-68. http://www.koleop- terologie.de/arbeitsgemeinschaft/historie/biografien/gruender/goecke.html [09.10.2018] Furth D (1996) Visits to the Bavarian State Collection (Munich) and Frey Collection (Weil am Rhein). Chrysomela Newletter 32. https://www.coleopsoc.org/chrys/chryso32/index.htm GBIF (2018) Scirpus fluviatilis. https://www.gbif.org/species/27 18286 [24.10.2018] Geiser E (2015) World checklist of freshwater Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae — Donaciinae spe- cies. Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment (FADA). World Wide Web electronic publi- cation. http://fada. biodiversity.be/group/show/65 Goecke H (1944) Revision asiatischer Donaciinen (Col. Chrys.). HI. Entomologische Blatter 40: 7-14. Gressitt JL , Kimoto S (1961) The Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of China and Korea, Part 1. Pacific Insects Monograph 1A: 1-299. Hayashi M, Shiyake S (2004) A Check-list of the Japanese Members of Donaciinae (Coleop- tera: Chrysomelidae). Entomological Review of Japan 59(1): 113-125. Jacobson G (1906) Donacia clavareaui spec. nova. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 50: 311-312. 46 Elisabeth Geiser / ZooKeys 856: 27-50 (2019) Kafer ftir Basel (2018) Wie Basel zur Sammlung Frey kam. https://kaeferfuerbasel.ch/die- sammlung-georg-frey/ [04-09-2018] Kleinschmidt B, Kélsch G (2011) Adopting Bacteria in Order to Adapt to Water — How Reed Beetles Colonized the Wetlands (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Donaciinae). Insects 2: 540— 554. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects2040540 Kélsch G, Pedersen BV (2008) Molecular phylogeny of reed beetles (Col., Chrysomelidae, Donaciinae); The signature of ecological specialization and geographical isolation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48: 936-952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.035 Konstantinov AS (2003) Chrysomelidae. Aquatic leaf beetles of China (Coleoptera). In: Jach, Ji (Eds) Water Beetles of China3: 563 — 572. Narita Y (1991) Description of the Larva of Donacia clavareaui (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Elytra, Tokyo 19(1): 21-23. Narita Y (2003) Descriptions of Donaciine Larvae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Japan. Elytra, Tokyo 31(1): 1-30. Silfverberg H (2010) Donaciinae. In Lobl 1, Smetana A (Eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleop- tera, vol. 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 354-368. Warchalowski A (2010) The Palaearctic Chrysomelidae — Identification Keys. Natura Optima Dux Foundation, Warszawa, 1212 pp. https://doi.org/10.1649/072.065.0210 Appendix | Donacia clavareaui Jacobson, 1906. Original description in Latin and translation into English. The Latin text from Jacobson (1906) was translated in German by Remigius Geiser sen. The English transla- tion results from this translated German text. Character Latin English Owing to shape and surface colour as to be seen on the upper side it looks like D. bactriana Weise from Turkestan and like my D. Koenigi from the Caucasus, but in the system of the genus has to be placed near my D. intermedia only (1); Forma corporis coloreque superficiei supernae D. bactrianam Weise turcestanicam et D. Koenigi m. caucasiam admonet, in systemate generis autem solum prope D. intermediam m. collocanda (1); General (1) Cf. Opusculum meum in Ann. Mus. Zool. St.-Pétersb., V, 1899, pp. 4 et 7. Quam speciem (1) Compare my article in Ann. Mus. Zool. St.- Pétersburg, V, 1899, pp 4 and 7. This new species novam prope D. cineream Herbst, tomentosam Ahr., Kraatzi Weise et microcephalam J. Daniel non pono, quod hae species pilositatem superficiei supernae talemcunque habent, ac pilositatem superficiei infernae. nam ab omnibus speciebus, quae femora dentata habent, pronoto hirto tibiisque rufis unicoloribus facillime distinguenda; inter ceteras species pedibus antennisque rufovariegatis ornatas femoribus omnibus fortiter incrassatis posticisque dente sat valido atque acuto armatis agnoscitur. — @. Sat elongata, nitidula, subtus ut in D. thalassina Germ. dense flavaureo-pubescens [solum in prothoracis epipleuris pubescentia densa minus expansa, partem inferiorem occupante], I dont put near D. cinerea Herbst, tomentosa Ahr., Kraatzi Weise and microcephala J Daniel, because the surface of these species is as pubescent on the upper side as it is on the underside. because it can be easily distinguished from all other species with teeth on the femora by the pubescent pronotum and the uniformly coloured red tibiae; it is recognizable among the other species which are decorated with red patterned legs and antennae by the heavily thickened femora at each leg and the rather prominent and acute tooth on the hind femora. — 4. Quite longish, feebly shiny, underside with dense golden hairs as on D. thalassina Germ. [only at the epipleura of the prothorax the dense pubescence less spread and occupying the lower part], To be or not to be a synonym — revision of the Donacia clavareaui-fukiensis complex... Character General Head Antennae Pronotum Scutellum Elytra Meta-sternum Abdomen Pygidium Legs Size Latin aeneo-cuprea, antennarum articulis omnibus (apicalibus majore parte) basi, palpis omnino, mandibularum apice, labri margine apicali, trochanteribus, femorum triente basali ipsoque apice, tibiis omnibus tarsisque fere omnibus [superne nonnihil infuscatis] rufis. Caput oculis sat magnis valdeque prominentibus; temporibus dense scopariis; canaliculo mediano profundo latoque; tuberculis frontalibus indistinctis. Antennae dimidiam corporis longitudinem attingentes, tenues, articulo 2° tertio in 4 breviore, art. 4° quinto vix perspicue breviore. Pronotum sericeum, latitudine aequilongum, postrorsum distincte subrectilineatim angustatum, medio nonnihil constrictum, callis lateralibus vix discretis, angulis anticis nonnihil incrassatis, sed extrorsum parum eminentibus; canaliculo mediano haud profundo, solum medio distincto, antice posticeque omnino evanescente; disco nec profonde [sic!], nec fortiter punctato, punctis omnibus piliferis, medio majoribus sparsisque, antice posticeque minutis confertisque; pilis semierectis, pallidis; interspatiis puncturum [sic!] dense inaequaliterque rugulosis; rugulis irregularibus; proépipleuris densissime irregulariter rugulosis ac punctulatis, subopacis, sparsim pilosulis. Scutellum dense ruguloso punctulatum atque tenuiter breviterque pubescens. Elytra quadrante basali subparallela, dein ad apicem gradatim rotundato-angustata, apice rectissime truncata, angulo exteriore parum rotundato; impressionibus, punctura et sculptura interspatiorum eadem ut in bactriana, solum interstitio primo postice rugulis transversis minus copiosis, minus expressis minusque regularibus. Metasternum medio late excavatum (<). Abdomen segmento primo medio longitudinaliter late impresso, segmento ultimo apice recte truncato et triangulariter impresso (3). Pygidium distincte arcuato-emarginatum. Pedes fortes, femoribus omnibus incrassatis, posticis dente sat valido acutoque armatis deinque nonnihil crenulatis; elytrorum apicem non attingentibus; tibiis posticis flexuosis, trientis primi apice vix inflato, absque crenulis. Long. 8 mill.; lat. 2,6 mill. Habitat Provinciae Transbaicalicae urbem Kjachta in Sibira orientali (coll. Clavareau). 47 English metallic-cupreous, rufous are the basal parts of all antennae segments ([and] the major part of the apical ones), the whole palpae, the apical part of the mandibles, the apical margin of the labrum, the trochanters, the basal third and the end part of the femora, all tibiae and almost all [on the upper part slightly brownish] tarsomeres. ‘The head with quite large and very protruding eyes; the tempora with dense, brush-like hairs; the middle groove deep and broad; the frontal calli indistinct. The antennae half as long as the length of the body, slender, the 2°¢ segment by a quarter shorter than the third one, the 4" one almost unrecognizably shorter than the fifth one. Pronotum silky, as long as broad, towards the rear part distinctly almost rectangularly constricted, in the middle part slightly narrowed, lateral tubercles indistinct, anterior angles slightly thickened, but protruding only a little bit; middle groove non deep, distinct only in the middle part, towards the front and backwards dissolving; the disc punctured neither deeply nor strongly, a// punctures with hairs, in the middle part larger and scattered, at the front and backwards small and dense; the hairs halferect, pale; intervals between the punctures densely and irregularly wrinkled; wrinkles irregular; the pro-epipleura very densely irregularly wrinkled and finely punctured, almost matt, with scattered small hairs. Scutellum dense wrinkly finely punctured and with thin and short hairs. The elytra in the basal quarter almost parallel, then toward the apex gradually roundly narrowed, the apex exactly rectangularly truncated, external angle slightly rounded; impressions, puncture and texture of the intervals the same as with bactriana, only the first interval apically with fewer, lesser distinct and lesser regular transverse wrinkles. Metasternum with a broad hollow in the middle (3). The first segment of the abdomen in the middle longwise broadly impressed, the apex of the last segment rectangularly truncated and triangularly impressed (3). Pygidium distinctly arcuately emarginate. Strong legs, all femora thickened, the hind ones armed with a quite prominent and acute tooth and afterwards slightly notched; not reaching the apex of the elytra; hind tibiae curved, scarcely broadened at the end of the first third, without notches. Length 8 mm; width 2.6 mm. Inhabits the town of Kjachta in the province of Transbaicalia in eastern Siberia (coll. Clavareau). 48 Elisabeth Geiser / ZooKeys 856: 27-50 (2019) Appendix 2 Donacia fukiensis Goecke, 1944. Original description in German and translation into English. Character General Head Anten-nae Pro-notum German Mittelgrofe einheitlich dunkelbronzefarbige glanzende Tiere mit duferst fein behaartem Halsschild, die 74 schlanker und kleiner als die 9 9, deren Schenkel viel weniger keulig verdickt und deren 1. Hinterleibsseg- ment nicht abgeplattet ist. Die Tiere sind im Habitus sehr einheitlich, in der Ausbildung der einzelnen Merk- male sehr variabel. Oberkiefer iiberragt die Oberlippe um etwas mehr als deren Lange, pechbraun, Kiefertaster gelb, bei einigen Stiicken das letzte Glied an der Spitze braun. Oberlippe etwa 2mal so breit wie lang, Vorderrand schwach konvex abgerundet, hinterer Rand mit langen Borsten, die bis tiber den Vorderrand ragen, Vorderrand mit kiirzeren Borsten, dazwischen unbehaart. Kopfschild vorn gerade, 2mal so breit wie die Seiten- kante lang. Die Fiihler sind fadenformig, nicht sehr lang, ihr Ende iiberragt beim & die Mitte der Fliigeldecke, beim sind sie erheblich kiirzer. 2. Glied am kiirzesten, etwa halb so lang wie das 1., das 3. um 1/5 bis um die Halfte langer als das 2., das 4. 1 % fach bis doppelt so lang als das zweite. Die einzelnen Glieder in ihrer Lange zueinander recht variabel. Fiihlerglieder gelb bis dun- kelbraun. 1. - 6. Glied mafsig dicht, 7. — 11. dichter behaart. Die Fithlerhécker sind abgeplattet, dazwischen befindet sich eine schmale Furche, die Abplattung ist mehr oder weniger glanzend, fast ohne Punkte oder mafig dicht punktiert, dahinter befindet sich eine mehr oder we- niger deutliche Vertiefung, die gegen die Fiihlerhécker durch eine querliegende Kante abgesetzt ist. Die Stirn- hécker sind ziemlich flach und breit. AuSere Gruben flacher oder tiefer, innere Gruben schwach entwickelt. Stim mafig dicht punktiert und behaart, glanzend. Hals hinter den Augen kaum verengt, Schlafen schwach entwickelt. Augen klein, weit auseinanderstehend. Halsschild an den vorderen Seitenhéckern am breit- esten und etwa so breit wie in der Mitte lang. Bei einem Exemplar war das Halsschild allerdings erheblich linger. Die Vorderecken sind gut entwickelt, sie ragen aber weder iiber den Vorderrand noch iiber die Seiten- hocker vor. Vorderrand leicht konvex, gegen die Scheibe nicht, oder durch eine feine, oft unregelmafsige Linie abgesetzt. Hinterecken mehr oder weniger gut entwickelt, wenig vorragend. Hinterrand stark konvex, gegen die Scheibe nicht, oder durch eine feine, oft unregelmafige Linie abgesetzt. Die Scheibe des Halsschildes ist sehr variabel, glei- chmatsig flach gewélbt, fast ohne Andeutung einer Mittelfurche oder auch abgeplattet und mit kraftiger Langsfurche. Die Mittelfurche erreicht weder den Vorderrand noch den Hinterrand, sie geht vorne oder hinten héchstens in eine sehr schwache oder nur ange- deutete Vertiefung iiber. English Medium sized uniform dark bronzy shiny animals with an extremelyfinely pubescent pronotum, the males more slender and shorter than the females, which have a much lesser clubbed thickened femur and their 1* ab- dominal segment is not flattened. The animals’ habitus is very uniform, the formation of the single characters is very variable. Mandibula overlaps the labrum a bit more than its length, pitchy brown, maxillary palps yellow, at some specimens the last segment brown at the apex. Labrum ca. twice as broad as long, front margin slightly convexly rounded, basal margin with long setae, reach- ing beyond the front margin, front margin with shorter setae, in between without setae. Head plate straight at front, twice as broad as the length of the side margin. ‘The antennae are filiform, not very long, in males reaching farer than the middle of the elytra, in females they are significantly shorter. 2™ segment the shortest, about half as long as the 1 one, the 3" one about one fifth to one half longer than the 2 one, the 4" one is one and a half times to double the length of the second one. The length relations of the single segments are quite variable to each other. Antennomeres yellow to dark brown. The 1* to 6" one with moderately dense hairs, the 7" to 11™ one with more densely packed hairs. The antennal tubercles are flattened, with a narrow groove between them, the flattened part is more or less shiny, almost without punctures or moderately densely punctured, behind it there is a more or less distinct depression, which is separated against the antennal tu- bercles by a transverse ridge. The calli are quite flattened and broad. Outer grooves more flattened or deeper, inner grooves shallow. Frons moderately densely punctured and pubescent, shiny. Neck scarcely narrowed behind the eyes, temples indistinct. Eyes small, wide apart. Broadest part of the pronotum at the anterolateral tubercles and approximately as broad as its length in the midst. However the pronotum of one specimen was considerably longer. ‘The anterior angles are well developed, but neither protruding beyond the anterior margin nor the lateral tubercles. Anterior margin slightly convex, not distinctly sepa- rated against the disc, or by a subtle, often irregular line. Posterior angles more or less well developed, scarcely protruding. Posterior margin distinctly convex, not distinctly sepa- rated against the disc, or by a subtle, often irregular line. The disc of the pronotum is very variable, evenly shal- lowly domed, almost without a hint of a central groove or flattened and with a distinct longitudinal groove. The central groove neither reaches the anterior nor the posterior margin, at the most it peters out to a shallow or only indistinct impression ahead or rearmost. To be or not to be a synonym — revision of the Donacia clavareaui-fukiensis complex... Character Pro-notum Prothorax Elytra Meta-thorax Abdominal segments Legs Colour Size Locus typicus German Vordere Seitenhécker deutlich, nach oben ein wenig oder kaum, gegen die Vorderecken kraftig, nach hinten schwach abgesetzt. Hintere Seitenhécker schwach ent- wickelt. Wenig dicht, unregelmafig punktiert, zwischen den Punkten glanzend. Oft ist die Punktierung vorne und hinten dichter als in der Mitte. Die Dichte der Punktierung ist aber bei den einzelnen Exemplaren sehr verschieden. Der Halsschild ist behaart. Es befinden sich namlich in den Punkten auferst feine, kurze, sehr schwer sicht- bare Borsten. Die Episternen der Vorderbrust sind grob langs gerun- zelt, der behaarte Fleck ist nur schwach behaart. Fliigeldecken von vorn nach hinten schwach, zu den Seiten starker gleichmafig gewélbt, doppelt so lang wie zusammen breit. Die Seiten verlaufen parallel bis zum 2. Drittel und sind dann gleichmafig zu den einzeln abgerundeten Enden gewolbt. Eine Abstutzung ist kaum angedeutet. Die Punktierung ist sehr fein. Die Punkte sind langlich. Die Zwischenraume sind flach und breit, glanzend mit flachen weit auseinander stehenden Querrunzeln und einer sehr feinen mehr oder weniger dichten Mikro- punktur. Der 1. Zwischenraum ist fast glatt mit nur sehr schwacher Quer-, Langs- oder Schragrunzelung und im hinteren Drittel auf beiden Seiten von einer linienformigen Kante begrenzt. Die Schulter ist schwach entwickelt, ziemlich glanzend, schwach punktiert und gerunzelt. Der erste Nahteindruck ist bei einigen Stiicken deu- tlich vorhanden, bei anderen kaum noch sichtbar. Andere Eindriicke aufSer der schwach entwickelten Schulterfurche fehlen. Die Unterseite der Hinterbrust ist beim 3 herzformig abgeplattet, beim Q gewélbt mit tiefer liegender Mit- telfurche. Das 1. Hinterleibssegment ist beim ¢ etwas, beim 2 um die Halfte langer als das 2. - 5. zusammen, es ist beim & abgeplattet und etwas eingedriickt, beim 9 gewolbt. Das letzte Segment ist beim & an der Hinterkante leicht eingedriickt, beim 2 konvex vorgezogen ohne eigentli- che Spitze. Die Unterseite des Hinterleibes ist glanzend, mafig dicht punktiert und behaart. Das Pygidium ist abgestutzt und in der Mitte schwach ausgebuchtet. Die Vorderschiene ist an der Ansatzstelle der Tarse zahnférmig nach aufsen gebogen (siehe Abb. 6). Die Hinterschenkel sind kurz, sie erreichen auch beim & das Fliigeldeckenende bei weitem nicht, Vorder-, Mittel — und Hinterschenkel besonders beim @ stark keulig verdickt, beim 9 schlanker. Hinterschenkel mit einem kraftigen Zahn, der beim Sbreiter, beim Q schmaler und spitzer ist (siche Abb. 5). Das 1. und 3. Tarsenglied sind etwa gleich lang, das 2. um 1/3 kiirzer. Die Tiere sind einheitlich dunkel bronzefarben, nur die Filer gelb bis dunkelbraun, die Schienen und Tarsen und die Hinterschenkel von der Basis bis zur Mittel hellbraun. Lange: ¢ 7-8 mm, 9 9 mm. Breite: 4 2,4-2,6 mm, @ 3,5 mm. Mir liegen vor 7 Exemplare aus dem Reichsmuseum Alexander K6nig in Bonn, gesammelt am 27.4. und 7.5.1938 von Herrn J. Klapperich in Kuatun (Fukien, China) 27.40 nordl. Breite, 117.40 stl. Lange, in 2300 m Hohe. 49 English Anterior lateral tubercles distinct, against above slightly or scarcely, against the anterior angles distinctly, against backwards slightly separated. Posterior lateral tubercles poorly developed. Not densely, irregularly punctured, in between the punctures shiny. Often the punctures are more dense in the anterior and posterior part than in the middle part. But the density of the punctures is very different between single specimens. The pronotum is pubescent. For inside the punctures there are exceedingly delicate, short setae which are very difficult to be seen. The episterna of prothorax are coarsely longitudinally wrinkled, the hairy patch is only feebly pubescent. Elytra feebly domed from anterior to posterior, more distinctly and evenly towards the margins, twice as long as the breadth of both. Outer contour parallel from anterior to the second third, then evenly domed towards the singly rounded apices. Truncation indistinct. The dotting is very delicate. The punctures are longish. The intervals are flattened and broad, shiny with flat, greatly separated transverse wrinkles and with very fine more or less dense micropuncture. The 1* interval is almost glabrous with only weak transversal, longitudinal or diagonal wrinkles and margined on both sides with a ridge like a solid line in the last third. The humeral callus is indistinct, rather lustrous, weakly punctured, and wrinkled. The first impression at the suture is distinct only at some specimens, almost invisible at others. Other impressions are lacking besides the weakly developed humeral groove. The underpart of the metathorax at the 3 is heart- shaped and flattened, at the 9 it is domed with a more prominent middle groove. The 1* abdominal segment is slightly longer at the 3, at the 9 longer by the half than the 2™ to 5" together, at the 3 flattened and slightly impressed, at the 9 domed. The last segment is slightly impressed at the apical ridge at the @, at the 9 convexly protruding without a distinctive peak. The underpart of the abdomen is shiny, moderately densely punctured and pubescent. ‘The pygidium is truncated and slightly recessed in the middle. ‘The anterior tibia shows a protruding tooth towards outward at the insertion of the tarsomere. The posterior femora are short, even at the A they don’t reach the apex of the elytra by far, anterior, middle and posterior femora much thickened like clubs espe- cially at the 4, at the 2 more slender. Posterior femora with a prominent tooth, which is broader at the 3, at the 2 more slender and more acute. The 1* and 3" tarsomere have about the same length, the 2™ one is by a third shorter. The animals are uniformly dark bronze, only the antennae yellow to dark brown, the tibae and tarsi and the hind femora light brown from the basal part to the middle. Length: J 7-8 mm, 9 9 mm. Width: J 2.4-2.6 mm, 9 3.5 mm. There are 7 specimens on hand for me from the Reichs- museum Alexander K6nig in Bonn, collected at 27" of April and 7* of May 1938 by Mister J. Klapperich in Kuatun (Fukien, China) 27.40 northern latitude, 117.40 eastern longitude, at 2300 m a.s.l. 50 Elisabeth Geiser / ZooKeys 856: 27-50 (2019) Appendix 3 Donacia kweilina Chen, 1966 Original description in English. The following species was described by Chen (1966) in Chinese and English. Only the English text and the illustration are provided here. The type specimens are stored in the collections of ASIZ. “Closely related to D. fukiensis Goecke, distinguished by the pronotum much more thickly pubescent, the femora of ¢ not distinctly thicker than those of 9 and the last abdominal segment of 2 much longer and somewhat triangular in shape (Fig. 16). Also allied to D. clavareaui Jacobson, but the antennae end legs entirely deep col- oured, not partly rufous and the elytra rather more finely punctured with the inter- stices much broader and more sparingly and finely wrinkled. Aeneo-cupreous (4, 2), sometimes sky-blue (3). Antennae long and slender, me- tallic, the terminal segments black; third segment slightly longer than second and dis- tinctly shorter than fourth. Head with four weak tubercles, the median longitudinal furrow deep and complete. Pronotum very closely punctured and covered with silvery hairs, the antero-lateral tubercles distinct, the angles fairly strongly produced. Elytra rather smooth on the inner disc, the punctures oblong, the interstices broad, about 2—3 times as broad as the cross diametre[sic!] of the punctures; apex truncate with the outer angles broadly rounded. Hind femora (¢, 9) broadly toothed beneath. Length: 6.8-8 mm. Holotype 3, allotype @, paratypes 47 04, 92 Kwangsi: Kweilin (April-May, 1952).” Appendix 4 Donacia mediohirsuta Chen, 1966 Original description in English. The following species was described by Chen (1966) in Chinese and English. Only the English text and the illustration are shown here. The type specimen is stored in the collections of ASIZ. “Very like D. fukiensis Goecke, but with the pronotum more transversal, finely pubescent only on the median longitudinal area; the longitudinal furrow of interocular area much deeper, extending uninterrupted to between the supra-antennal tubercles; the anterior tibiae scarcely produced at apex; the hind femora (°) very weakly toothed beneath and the last abdominal sternite (2) more strongly angulate at apex (Fig. 17). General colour aeneo-cupreous. Antennae with the terminal segments rufo-piceous, 3-5 segments partly rufous and partly piceous, third segment distinctly longer than second, but slightly shorter than fourth. Length: 8 mm Holotype 2 Yunnan: Shishong-Baana (1200 m, 15, May, 1958).”